Overwatering & early root rot
How to tell
Stem segments yellow or wilt while the mix remains wet. Check for soft, dark tissue at the base and rotten roots. Small dark flies around moist potting medium may be fungus gnats. They suggest conditions suitable for breeding, without proving that the surface never dries.
The fix
Stop watering. Make sure the pot can actually drain, and wait until the top 3 cm (1.2 in) of soil feel dry. If the base is mushy or smells sour, unpot it and trim any brown, soft roots before repotting in fresh mix.



