Overwatering & rot at the base
How to tell
The soil stays wet for days, and the rot starts low: a soft, discolored patch at the base rather than one particular old leaf. Small dark flies around moist potting medium may be fungus gnats. They suggest conditions suitable for breeding, without proving that the surface never dries.
The fix
Water according to moisture, only when the top 5 cm (2 in) of soil feel dry. Check drainage and do not add water just because a tip is brown or a calendar says it is time. Remove rotten roots and replace soggy mix. For rescue cuttings, wear gloves against irritant sap and use healthy stem tissue with a node. Allow the cut to callus, then root in airy, lightly moist medium. A lone leaf without a node cannot make a new vine. Wear gloves before cutting or taking cuttings. The milky sap can irritate skin. Wash your hands after handling, and avoid touching your eyes.



